τοὺς πενθοῦντας

παρακᾰλέω, [dialect] Att. [tense] fut. - καλῶ, later

A

- καλέσω LXX Jb.7.13

, al.:— call to one, X.An.3.1.32.

II call in, send for, summon, Hdt.1.77, Ar.V. 215, etc.;

σύμμαχον π. τινά Hdt.7.158

, cf. Th.1.119, Pl.Phd. 89c, etc.;

π. ἑταίρους And.4.14

;

π. τινὰ ἐς τὸν πόλεμον Hdt.7.205

, cf. D.18.24;

π. τινὰ σύμβουλον X.An.1.6.5

;

τινὰς εἰς συμβουλήν Pl.La. 186a

;

συνήγορον Aeschin.2.184

; invoke the gods,

τοὺς θεούς D.18.8

; περὶ τούτου τὸν θεόν (as medical adviser) IG42(1).126.31 (Epid., ii A. D.);

τὸν Ἐνυάλιον X.HG2.4.17

;

Διόνυσον εἰς τὴν τελετήν Pl.Lg. 666b

; [

τοὺς θεοὺς] π. βοηθούς Arr.Epict.3.21.12

:—[voice] Pass., παρακαλούμενος καὶ ἄκλητος, ' vocatus atque non vocatus', Th.1.118;

- κληθέντες ἐς ξυμμαχίαν Id.5.31

; παρακαλουμένη ἀμύνειν being called upon to ward off, Pl.Lg. 692e;

- κληθεὶς γυμνασιαρχῆσαι OGI339.53

(Sestos, ii B. C.).

2 summon one's friends to attend one in a trial,

π. τοὺς φίλους Is.1.7

, etc.; π. τινάς call them as witnesses, Lys.14.28;

π. πάντας ἀνθρώπους D.34.29

:—[voice] Med., dub. in Lycurg.28:—[voice] Pass., παρακεκλημένοι summoned to attend at a trial, Aeschin.1.173.

b summon a defendant into court, in [voice] Pass., PTeb.297.5 (ii A. D.), Mitteis Chr.71.5 (v A. D.).

3 invite,

ἐπὶ δαῖτα E.Ba. 1247

; εἰς (v.l. ἐπὶ)

θήραν X.Cyr.4.6.3

; ἐπὶ τὸ βῆμα π. invite him to mount the tribune, Aeschin.3.72.

4 appeal to,

τινὰ περὶ γῆς App.Pun. 136

.

III exhort, encourage,

τάξις τάξιν παρεκάλει A.Pers. 380

, cf. Plb.1.60.5;

π. τινὰ εἰς μάχην E.Ph. 1254

;

τινὰ ἐπὶ τὰ κάλλιστα ἔργα X.An.3.1.24

;

π. τὴν νόησιν εἰς ἐπίσκεψιν Pl.R. 523b

;

πρὸς τὸ μνημονεύειν Isoc.3.12

: c. inf., E.Cyc. 156, X.An.5.6.19, Decr. ap. D.18.185:—[voice] Pass., Isoc.2.14;

παρακέκληται ἡ διάνοια Arist.EN 1175a7

.

2 comfort, console,

τοὺς πενθοῦντας LXX Si.48.24

:—[voice] Pass., Ev.Matt.2.18, 5.4.

3 excite,

τινὰ ἐς φόβον E.Or. 1583

;

ἐς δάκρυα Id.IA 497

; incite, π. καὶ παροξύνειν ἐπί .. Epicur.Nat.54 G.; of things, foment,

φλόγα X.Cyr.7.5.23

.

IV demand, require,

ὁ θάλαμος σκεύη π. Id.Oec.9.3

:—[voice] Pass., τὰ παρακαλούμενα proposals, demands, Philipp. ap. D.18.166sq., Plb.4.29.3.

V beseech, entreat, Id.4.82.8, PTeb.24.46 (ii B. C.), etc.; π. τινὰ ἵνα .. Aristeas 318, Ev.Marc.8.22, Arr.Epict.2.7.11, etc.; ὅπως .. Ev.Matt.8.34: but ἐρωτῶ καὶ π. for δέομαι is condemned by Hermog.Meth.3.

VI [voice] Pass., relent, πρός, ἐπί τινι, towards a person, LXX Jd.21.6, 15, cf. 2 Ki. 24.16.

2 repent, regret, παρακέκλημαι ὅτι .. ib. 1 Ki.15.11.

πενθέω fut. πενθήσω; 1 aor. ἐπένθησα (fr. πάσχω, s. two next entries; Hom. et al.; LXX; pseudepigr., Philo; Jos., Ant. 17, 206; Mel., P. 17, 117).

① intr., to experience sadness as the result of some condition or circumstance, be sad, grieve, mourn (Hom. et al.; SIG 1219, 5; 8; UPZ 18, 21 [163 B.C.]; POxy 528, 9; LXX in most occurrences) in contrast to joy, inward and outward Mt 9:15. Before a festive day οὐκ ἔξεστί σοι πενθεῖν GJs 2:2. παρακαλέσαι πάντας τοὺς πενθοῦντας B 14:9 (Is 61:2). Of sorrow for sins one has committed 1 Cor 5:2 (in the OT of sorrow for the sins of others: 1 Esdr 8:69; 9:2; 2 Esdr 10:6. TestReub 1:10 has πενθῶν ἐπὶ τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ μου, but this has no counterpart in the LXX). Also, the πενθοῦντες Mt 5:4 mourn not for their own sins, but because of the power of the wicked, who oppress the righteous. W. κλαίειν (POxy 528, 9; 2 Km 19:2; 2 Esdr 18:9): Mk 16:10; Lk 6:25; Js 4:9; Rv 18:15, 19; GPt 7:27. οὐ μικρῶ ἐπένθουν νηστεύουσαι AcPl Ha 5, 19. π. ἐπί τινι mourn over someth. ἐπὶ τοῖς παραπτώμασιν τῶν πλησίον ἐπενθεῖτε 1 Cl 2:6 (cp. Aeschin. 3, 211; Epict. 3, 3, 15; 1 Esdr 8:69 ἐμοῦ πενθοῦντος ἐπὶ τῇ ἀνομίᾳ; 2 Esdr 10:6). ἐπί τινα over someone (2 Ch 35:24) Rv 18:11.

② trans. (B-D-F §148, 2; Rob. 475) to engage in mourning for one who is dead, ordinarily w. traditional rites, mourn over w. acc. of pers. (Hom. et al.; Lysias 2, 66; Lucian, Dial. Deor. 14, 1; Gen 37:34; 50:3; 1 Esdr 1:30; Bel 40; 1 Macc 12:52; 13:26; TestJos 20, 5; JosAs 29:9; Jos., Bell. 2, l) 2 Cor 12:21; GJs 24:3. EdeMartino, Morte e pianto rituale nel mondo antico ’58.—DELG s.v. πάσχω. M-M. TW.